See gnīdan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gnīdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: gnīdan\nMiddle English: gniden, gnyde",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: gnīdan\nMiddle English: gniden, gnyde"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*gnīdan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *gnīdan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *gnīdan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gnīden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gnīden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gnīden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gnītan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gnītan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gnītan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gnīten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: gnīten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: gnīten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnīdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*gnīdan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gnīdan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rub, to grind"
],
"id": "en-gnīdan-gmw-pro-verb-ws4d67rj",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gnīdan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gnīdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: gnīdan\nMiddle English: gniden, gnyde",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: gnīdan\nMiddle English: gniden, gnyde"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*gnīdan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *gnīdan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *gnīdan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "gnīden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: gnīden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: gnīden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gnītan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: gnītan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: gnītan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "gnīten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: gnīten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: gnīten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnīdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnīdandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*gnīdan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gnīdan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to rub, to grind"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gnīdan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gnīdan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.